What type of tooth is most often involved in root resection procedures?

Root resection procedures are typically performed to address issues such as severe periodontal disease or endodontic problems affecting specific roots of a tooth. Among the listed options, the maxillary first molar is often intricately involved in these procedures due to its anatomical structure.

The maxillary first molar has three roots: two buccal roots (mesiobuccal and distobuccal) and one palatal root. This configuration can create various complications when one root is severely affected. The mesiobuccal root, in particular, is known for its complex canal morphology, which can make successful endodontic treatment challenging. In cases where one of the roots is compromised, root resection becomes a viable option to retain the remaining healthy roots and the overall tooth.

While mandibular molars and incisors can also require root resection, the maxillary first molar's specific anatomical challenges and its common representation in periodontal disease increase its likelihood of being involved in such procedures. Thus, understanding the reasons rooted in the maxillary first molar's structure and its frequent clinical challenges makes it clear why this tooth is often the focus of root resection.